R & R

BenjaminButtonClock

Elias Koteas plays Monsieur Gateau, the blind clockmaker who created a backwards-ticking clock to commemorate the loss of his son during the war. From David Fincher’s adaptation of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s short story, The Curious Case of Benjamin Button.

“Life can only be understood backwards; but it must be lived forwards.” — Soren Kierkegaard

During this most recent holiday season,  I took a turn towards a purposeful and disciplined reprieve from work — teaching, painting, drawing, animating, and even the writing of this blog were all put on hiatus. (My apologies to readers expecting a post last week!) It wasn’t easy. At the start of this new year, I acted upon a ‘never done before’ fasting experiment — a 36 hour period of time where I refrained myself from any sort of consumption, including food, drink (except a bit of lemon water for the electrolytes) or any sort of exposure to digital media such as TV, radio, computers or smartphones. I also took a vow of silence for the entire period — I didn’t speak a single word to anyone.

Despite the short duration of the fast, the experience, to say the least, was enlightening. The day, which always seems too short, seemed long. The mind and body had all the time and space in the world with ample opportunity to reflect and respond to each thought or sensation. Each event took its sweet time and, during the last minutes of the fasting period as hunger beckoned and energy levels began to wilt, the minute hand of the clock appeared to move like molasses. The entire day felt meditative, slow, experiential and whole — a rich visceral journey all on its own.

“A particularly significant example of brain against body, or measures against matter, is urban man’s total slavery to clocks. A clock is a convenient device for arranging to meet a friend, or for helping people to do things together, although things of this kind happened long before they were invented.” — Alan Watts

Moved by this outcome, I thought more deeply about what Einstein stated — mainly that the sensation of time is relative, a phenomenon often referred to as time dilation.

Interstellar

Anne Hathaway hurries her mission in Christopher Nolan’s Interstellar, a film whose take on time dilation, black holes and space travel, were all topics subject to scrutiny due its efforts to examine bigger issues — issues yet to be resolved by our current knowledge of the universe.

In the theory of relativity, time dilation is a difference of elapsed time between two events as measured by observers either moving relative to each other or differently situated from a gravitational mass or masses. This special relativity shows that time slows down for anything moving, including people. In other words, two seemingly identical events, would give altered results or experience due to one’s relative positioning.

Herein lies the implication (and dangers) about our way of life; that perhaps our frantic experience of life is entirely due to our frantic choices and interpretation of our world. We don’t know what slowing down is, because we’re too busy to notice and hence experience — i.e. we’re unable to gauge what the real speed of our lives truly is because everything’s going so fast almost all of the time. So we keep stepping on the gas, asking more and more of ourselves each day, without rest, without reprieve. We chalk it up to being productive, growing up, being responsible, displaying mettle — all at the sacrifice of other things that are just as important to ourselves, such as rest, play, love, friendship, and of course, personal health. It’s not surprising that burn out, as well as mental and physical disease, are now common place even among wealthy, materially-advantaged societies where sustenance, time and peace should be in surplus. The human body, despite being in it’s most updated form, isn’t designed to operate at such speeds for such prolonged periods of time. We are not machines.

“The candle that burns twice as bright, burns half as long.” — Lao Tzu

The temptation of glory and achievement is a lure most artists are too ashamed to admit to, but it’s there. I witnessed it throughout my career, and even within me. Only by stepping away from the vacuum of our expectant and constantly busy, ever-to-be-producing, high-tech universe, can one gain a clearer and healthier perspective. My fasting experience was just another stark awakening of that reality. If, like me, you were born in an era and locale where radio and television (and for some of you, the internet) was already in place, it’s unlikely that you know what it means to be devoid of this bombardment of technology and it’s dirtier derivatives — advertising and propaganda — that has altered our very perception of time and reality itself.

Einstein

Einstein was more than just a genius of science, but a deep and moral thinker. His theories reach far beyond E = mc 2.

Looking back into history, it’s not hard to realize that the fasting experience I had was likely common place. Any journey from one town to another likely took days if not weeks. People lived far away from one another. Food was carefully rationed and human contact would often be absent (or dangerous). The hunger for sustenance and connection must’ve been a regular experience in such time of minimal technological advances — which is to say during most of man’s 10,000* plus years of existence. We had to be self-sustaining, self-aware and mindful of our immediate environment just to survive.

lawrenceofarabia

Image from David Lean’s epic masterpiece, Lawrence of Arabia. In ancient times and remote lands, if human contact was friendly, it was to be cherished.

As profound as this information was when it came to light, what’s interesting from an artistic point of view is that during the entire fasting period, in almost no time at all, the urge to create and the surge of ideas and visions that you strive so hard to get during “regular” time, becomes easy and bountiful. I broke my rule of not working slightly by writing some of those thoughts down on some tiny post-it notes. It’s true, that like in relationships, absence makes the heart grow fonder. Absence creates a void, and even creative voids find ways to fill themselves. Absence from our hectic world, helps us live and perform better in it. Leaving things alone, including leaving ourselves alone, is sometimes the best solution to life’s problems.

“I never found a companion that was so companionable as solitude.” — Henry David Thoreau

I attended a discussion on marine ecology once, and it was shown how in one particular part of the ocean, where the coral reef was dead, it took as little as 3 years for the coral to come back fully healthy once the region was locked off and completely restricted from any human traffic and interference. It was previously estimated that it would take at least 15-20 years for any such recovery to occur.

coral-bleaching_pic

Warming of the ocean temperatures leads to bleaching of the coral reefs and the death of many species.

freshcoralreef

A healthy coral reef is beaming with color, beauty and life. Sometimes it’s best just to leave things alone, for nature has a way of maintaining and healing itself.

Unfortunately, in today’s corporate-industrial age, rest and relaxation are probably the least appreciated and acted upon concepts. There may be ample play (for a price), but not absence from activity. People, both single and attached, run around from event to event, errand to errand, obligation after obligation, chasing the clock. There’s hardly a moment to breathe, hardly a moment for rest or recovery of the mind, body or spirit. There’s certainly little time for reflection.

As artists, this status quo is unacceptable. Our work is dependent on a mind, body and soul that is fresh, open and responsive to the world around us. How could we ever describe our impressions of it if our minds are locked into a loop of deadened, repetitive and worn-out thinking? Formula movies anyone? Or that same old burger marketed with trendy “ethnic” hot sauce? A sick and exhausted system is incapable of new interpretation or insight. The health of an artist is a necessity. R & R isn’t just a fancy acronym for temporary remission from the “grind” but a requirement for creative output.

“He that can take rest is greater than he that can take cities.” — Benjamin Franklin

For many people, audio-visual indulgence, such as gaming, television, or film, is their form of R & R, so it may seem ironic, given that artists in this field work largely in entertainment, that this form of interruption isn’t the hiatus that it could be. As visual artists, we have to go elsewhere.

WoodyAllenJazz

Prolific director/screenwriter/actor, Woody Allen, is an equally accomplished musician. This physical and ever-present medium of activity allows him to become the filmmaker he is, by taking him as far away from his visual craft as possible, while at the same time fulfilling his need for physical expression and his love of jazz.

In conclusion, let me add that this subject felt important to discuss precisely because I’m also a victim of the system — I stand guilty of being a card-carrying member of this dominant mindset of constant “busyness” for far too long. As artists, the pertinent point to remember is that because the creative process can’t be forced (despite the discipline required to attain greater heights of expression and understanding), the artist must make a habit of rest. We must set aside time and space for ourselves, as human beings. The world, your art, your mind and body, and everyone you’re in contact with, will thank you for it. Healthy, sustainable efficiency comes from balance and effectiveness, not endless preoccupation with profit, production, and activity.

“A cheerful frame of mind, reinforced by relaxation… is the medicine that puts all ghosts of fear on the run.” — George Matthew Adams
* Modern human existence dates back approximately 12,000 years as marked by the advent of agriculture. Humanoids have been around statistically for over 1,000,000 years.

Straights & Curves

miro-garden

“The Garden” by Joan Miró. This majestic Spanish artist’s abstract compositions play beautifully with shape, line and color to help evoke sensations that lie within the realm of the surreal – ideas which would be too difficult to present in more realistic form.

“What is straight? A line can be straight, or a street, but the human heart, oh, no, it’s curved like a road through mountains.”  – Tennessee Williams

Character Design:

Shapes are the essential building blocks to visual art. In animation and film composition, design and movement of those building blocks will define the message you wish to deliver. It’s why it’s essential that animation artists study and practice the use of line and shape whether you work in story, concept, animation or modeling/rigging.

101breeds

Solid understanding of the power of shapes, line and color will aid strongly in the construction and definition of any character. Size, variation and repetition of those elements strengthen the impression of any design. From Walt Disney’s 101 Dalmations.

Graphic Design:

In graphic design, the interplay between line and shape help define ideas, sometimes in the most simple yet powerful way. Street signs do this, as do company logos and superhero symbols. Great design is direct and unmistakable.

batman

Design elements can signal power or danger. In the case of DC Comic’s Batman, it shows both. The welcoming curves played against the sharp edges and pointed bat ears not only define the characters physical traits, but indicate a conflicted agenda – a dangerous hero who both steals the spot light yet roams in the dark. It can be argued that the Batman symbol is the most distinguished and possibly best designed logo in the superhero universe.

Performance:

The primary edge of shapes can be defined as either straight or curved, implying either linear or circular movement or revealing a sense of intensive direction or gentle comfort and welcome. The choice of your shapes will define the overall aspects of your art.

Hades

The sharp, angular designs used by renown illustrator Gerald Scarfe gave Hades an edginess uncommon among Disney characters. In conjunction with James Wood’s sharp tongue and Nik Ranieri’s playful animation, it makes for a very interesting and particular personality. From Walt Disney’s Hercules.

While sharp, straight  edges give a sense of danger and lack of refinement, round smooths shapes convey comfort, harmony and wholeness. Sharp designs can be aggressive or dated, while rounded ones can feel welcoming and modern.

wall-e-eve

In the 2008 Pixar release Wall-E, director Andrew Stanton, plays with the contrast of time and space as exemplified by the difference in design and detail between the rustic, angular Wall-E and the simplistically modern, yet soft and streamline Eve.

 Anatomy:
Michelangelo_studies
Human anatomy has very few, if any, pure straight lines. In these studies for the Sistine Chapel by Michaelangelo Buonarrotti, change of angles and the grouping of masses give the illusion of straights going against curves in the human body.
In realistic human anatomy, there are hardly any purely straight geometric lines or sharp edges, for such is the design evolution of our species. Here, straights are “relative” to the curves around them. In animation we play with extending those realistic boundaries to create contrast in our design and poses. Using straights against curves create interest and elegance by magnifying contrast.
 Merlin's hands

These Milt Kahl’s hand studies, done for Disney’s Sword in The Stone, demonstrate beautiful use of form and line, culminating in appealing design and elegance.

Movement:

The application of these concepts can also be applied in dramatic action for both movement and pose. Straight lines and sharp edges can help emphasize great force and clear sense of direction. Sometimes the forward thrust of action can be tempered with the addition of sharp turns and reversals which aid to signify dimension and change of direction.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=o4RdmUazu6A

Playing straights against smooth curves and sharp turns, Glen Keane’s exciting animation from Walt Disney’s Tarzan demonstrates great dynamic power and energy. Keane’s work is famous for its immense force and magnetism both in drawing and movement.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vnHpAibayMY

Gendy Tartakosvky’s creation, Samurai jack, is a different kind of fun. Charged with graphic zip and zaniness this director loves the use of extremely geometric shapes played against wild curves and movement that rips across the screen. Along with his brilliant use of composition, color and cutting, Tartakosvky has made a distinguished mark in the art of animation. (Courtesy of Cartoon Network)

Where as sweeping movements can display dynamism and power, less linear presentations using soft curves and round shapes are very gentle and comforting. The warm and pleasing design of Freddie Moore’s Mickey Mouse made him the most successful icon among the thousands of characters in the cartoon universe.
_Mickey tailor walk2
This marvelous sequence of drawings of Mickey Mouse by Freddie Moore are loaded with warmth, beauty and appeal. Not only are the shapes rounded, soft and plush, but so is the animation, which is loaded with bounce and pliability.

Film composition:

In film composition, shapes and line will dictate balance or imbalance, dictate movement or stability, or imply mood and atmosphere. The best directors pay close attention to the dynamics shapes and lines have on the viewer. For more on film composition, go here.
RaidersOfTheLostArk_MapRoom

The famous ‘map room’ shot from Steven Spielberg’s 1981 masterpiece, Raiders of the Lost Ark. Using carefully delineated shapes and line via light and shadow, the director guides the viewers attention to exactly where he wants them.

The best art often makes balanced usage of both straights and curves, both in shape and movement. The degree and balance of usage will be determined, as usual, by the intention behind the work.

Ran

Akira Kurasawa’s Ran is one of the best film adaptations of William Shakespeare’s work. There’s astounding beauty in the stillness of some scenes while others engage sweeping movements of form. The film’s mastery on display from the acting to the cinematography is worth slow and intense study for both animators and live action filmmakers alike.

In summary, realize that as animation artists you control very specific elements of your craft, and one of those tools that you wield is your presentation of lines and shapes, which are, decidedly, straight or curved. Sometimes these effects can be overt, at other times subtle or inconspicuous. How you use them will have a profound effect on your audience, intentional or not. Just remember, contrast is everything.

 “A curve does not exist in its full power until contrasted with a straight line.” ― Robert Henri