The Importance of Risk

“One must jump off the cliff with hands free.” — Zen Proverb

What does it mean “to jump off with hands free?” Perhaps simply this: to leap into the unknown without holding on because the “hands that hold” prevent us from lifting off.

So what are we holding on to? And why are we so afraid to let go? Perhaps it’s because where we stand now, we’re still alive — if only barely so. Hence, we stick to the usual for fear that things might get worse; we hang onto the customs, the established systems and all the suppressions and oppressions that sustain the status quo. And because of that we fear change despite so desperately wanting something different, something just, something better. The malaise of meaninglessness in many people’s lives is reflected in its mundane repetitiveness: the endless going to work, tending to chores, raising families and all its related duties, with neither the brief reprieve from routine by submerging oneself in entertainment or taking the yearly vacation, nor the dutiful spiritual commitments to our preferred institutions offer any sort of real freedom; none of it stops the fear. And then we go on and pass the same set of rules to our children and call it tradition!

How does this make any sense? Why should we insist on living so calculated, so mechanically, competing and rushing towards something we do only because we’re supposed to? Should it be a surprise that we live with so much conflict within ourselves and with others? (The more than 5000 wars in 10,000 years of recent history seem to suggest we’ve learned little if anything from experience.) Why do we keep doing the same thing yet continue to expect or hope for different results? Is that not the very definition of insanity?

“A liberated being is one who lives a perpetual uncalculated life in the present.” — Hindu Proverb.

Change is life and change is good. But good change requires honest self-examination. A lot of us avoid the arduous task for it takes time and humility, the latter more a challenge than the former. I suspect that we’ve been so deeply conditioned to avoid danger (which is rooted in our biology) and potential failure (which is created through the psychological) that we’re almost too paralyzed to make right and insightful choices — correct action that only comes after the mind has achieved stillness and clarity. Real dangers, such as the fear of prejudice, starvation or physical violence is real, and must be contended with urgency. But our psychological conflicts are our own doing, both individually and as a species. We analyze, calculate and scheme hoping that we can make the most logical choices in life working endlessly to limit risk and maximize reward. We don’t stop to breathe or feel. We obsess with results and neglect process. We don’t allow for flow. As such, our ego — our self-centredness — wins, overwhelming all thought and action. It’s almost ironical that such seeming rationality and cunning rarely amounts to satisfying outcomes.

“Life should be touched, not strangled. You’ve got to relax, let it happen at times, and at other times move forward with it.” — Ray Bradbury, Writer

When I see a Van Gogh painting I don’t see calculation, I see only deep observation in a life passionately lived.

Why is that so? Maybe it’s because reality is so incredibly complex that it’s impossible to know everything or even just enough to solve anything but the most basic problems. We can amass all the data we want and it’ll always be incomplete. Even the mathematical genius at the end resorts to flipping a coin. No set of belief systems — economic, philosophical, or religious — will ever provide the clear and perfect answer. To live life fully and passionately demands that we take the chance and risk losing, failing and experiencing pain or disappointment. Uncertainty cannot be avoided. Who knows what tomorrow brings? The events unfolding in the current social, economic and political climate give clear evidence that life is unpredictable.

“Carpe Diem” (Seize the Day) — Horace, Roman Poet.

And in making our art, we know that is the case. For art that follows convention — relying on what has been done already (formulas) — is merely repeating what’s dead. Strict conservatism conflicts with creativity because it wants to hang on to the past. It’s no wonder so many of my friends, students and acquaintances continually ask me the same question: how come movies today, both live action or animated, all look and feel the same? My answer: lack of courage.

It seems we’re so scared of failure that from top to bottom we take no chances in producing, directing, writing, acting or animating. The ideas are cliché, the directing unoriginal, the writing formulaic and the acting/animating choices are simultaneously mechanical and underwhelming. Heck, I can’t even think of any soundtracks worth remembering from recent movies. Can you? It’s a sad state of affairs especially given the wealth of knowledge, talent and technology available. But how can we expect otherwise? Society is completely engulfed with the idea of success with outcomes usually measured by the urgency of profit rather than process; “Hurry up and Succeed” seems to be the motto of the 21st Century. This destroys all craft, from the mechanization of techniques, to the forced sentimental endings designed to satisfy the palette after a terrible meal.

Now, making art is hard. Like life, it requires tremendous passion and attention. It also requires solid relationships built on respect. But the moment we give in to fear — whether for safety or acceptance — we stop learning and we stop collaborating. Even worse, once we allow fear to guide us, we no longer care about how we do things. Craft and artistry, as well as the accompanying joy that lives in the process of exploration and performance, give way to efficiency and compliance. Once that compromise is made the job becomes only a job, and work becomes labour. Discipline loses it root alliance with learning and becomes enforced behaviour. Love, passion and empathy disappear, replaced by bitterness and misery. On a larger scale community, ecology and our own dignity as human beings also ends up compromised if not discarded. Getting to the finish line becomes more important than the journey itself. This is the problem with society today and the art we see reflects that because art has always been an accurate mirror of history and the stories we’re telling ourselves.

Marcel Duchamp — the man responsible for placing this urinal in a museum in 1917 (laying claim to the importance of “readymade” art) — is often cited as the biggest inspiration for modern artists today. What does that say about established society’s view and meaning of art?

If we view life as a race — and just to be clear, I do not take such a view— then we should be cognizant of the fact that at the end of the race is death. So what’s the rush? And why fear so much that we abandon our senses, especially our natural sense for peace, joy and connection. And don’t confuse mechanical living for order because our inner chaos can only be solved from the within. We can only focus on presence and live free and bold without taking anyone else’s idea of what bold is. If we abandon our self-centredness, we have the opportunity to be free from fear. Don’t take my word for it, test it out. Your art demands it. So does your being.

“Goodness can only blossom in freedom, not tradition (mechanical living).” — J. Krishnamurti, Philosopher

The Need for Order

Illustrator Norman Rockwell was one of the most organized and well-prepared artists of his generation.

“There is in me an anarchy and frightful disorder. Creating makes me die a thousand deaths, because it means making order, and my entire being rebels against order. But without it I would die, scattered to the winds.” — Albert Camus, Writer

It can be stated that order is as essential to living as is the need for security. Without the basics of food, shelter and clothing (warmth), human beings can’t survive physically or psychologically. The same can be said of the necessity for order. The mind is always prone to disorder; noise, distraction, desires and fears constantly intrude our mental well-being. Without order, there lives confusion and, as it’s often said, a confused mind leads to confused action.

In art, the need for order operates in much the same fashion; without it, the entire creative process runs amok and the results can often be disappointing if not disastrous. For animators, order provides a mechanic — not a formula — for staying on top of things. Hence, it’s important to develop a workflow that makes sure some of the essential parts of the creative process have been duly considered.

Here again are the basics to staying orderly in our work:

(1) Vision:

Without an idea or the spark of something possibly interesting there’s no impulse to create. It could be something seen, heard, read about or experienced, but whatever the source may be, it’s the seed of something new. Rarely are visions what people think they are for they are not things to be sought after and found; creative ideas come uninvited, they only find landing spots. Our job as artists (and the same I imagine goes for writers, musicians, and scientists) is to provide a place for these ideas to alight and take root. It’s why, as a teacher, I encourage play and playful research, the kind that is open, free and not so goal-oriented. Again, since creation is new, we must bypass the thinking analytical mind, which is always old and always controlling. Only free-form, loose and playful activity — in the form of drawing and/or improvisational acting for animators — can generate new ideas.

20th Century master Pablo Picasso exemplifies the spirit of play and exploration.

(2) Preparation:

Ideas are useless if the artist isn’t prepared. Once there’s an opportunity it must be developed and seized. Now’s the moment to use the mind’s intelligence and organizing abilities. The best artists not only explore all the various avenues their ideas might take form but anticipate the information and tools required to bring their ideas to life. We must due the homework so to speak: make the sketches (thumbnails), collect the right kind of reference, solve visual problems and design a solid visual map by which to follow. Then we set everything up — cameras, rigs, layout, schedules, etc — and get ready to begin.

Exploration sketches done for the film Cinderella by animator Ward Kimball, one of Disney’s legendary “Nine Old Men.”

(3) Performance:

At this stage, we should have a good clear idea of what we want to accomplish. There’s still uncertainty but it’s time to get the feet wet; we test our hypotheses. Animators at this point begin to animate: we block out the major keys and — only after the blocking is successful — proceed with the in-betweening (filling in the middle) phase. This is often the most satisfying part as ideas take shape and begin their way to becoming realities. What forms is new and exciting but all the time we’re constantly asking ourselves whether we proceed to the next step or re-work the foundations — the key acting moments, poses, arcs, timing, and breakdowns — of the shot. Emotionally speaking, this is where we commit fully, aligning ourselves with our vision, bringing together both the technical and artistic aspects of our craft.

“Does it look like how I feel?” — Glen Keane, Animator

When Glen Keane animates, he goes all out. From Disney’s Tarzan.

(4) Polish:

At the polish stage, we make minor tweaks and put in the finishing touches. THIS IS NOT THE PLACE TO CHANGE THE WORK OR FIX MAJOR ERRORS. Students and amateur artists are always doing the latter. They question their ideas, fumble with technique and lose sight of the process so they noodle and noodle hoping to “rescue” the work. The polishing phase also shouldn’t be taken lightly or approached carelessly. Finishing touches matter — they can enhance or ruin the art. It is important to be attentive.

“While adding the finishing touches to a painting might appear insignificant, it is much harder to do than one might suppose.” — Claude Monet, Painter

Water Lilies by Impressionist Claude Monet.

Some Tips:

Now, working orderly is nothing new; it’s no secret to stay organized. Then why do so many fail time and again? Here are some caveats and suggestions that might help should you find yourself in disorder:

(1) Aim for Clarity. This is true from the vision phase all the way to the polish phase. You need to know where you’re heading. Fuzzy ideas lead to sloppy preparations and sloppy preparations lead to poor execution. Bad animating can never be solved by fancy polishing. Clarity is key.

(2) Treat Separate Phases as Separate Jobs: What do we mean by this? It means to treat each aspect of the job as if the next job is to be passed on to somebody else. If you block your shot poorly, you’ve made it brutally hard to in-between (spline/finish) the shot. Don’t screw the guy who comes after (which is tomorrow’s version of you).

(3) Stay the Course: Don’t keep changing your mind. The time to explore was early on. Once you begin your performance, you don’t change the song. If you find yourself doing this often perhaps your idea was not so good after all. That, or you’re a scatterbrain. Find out why you’re doing what you’re doing. Art is always providing you the opportunity to learn about yourself.

(4) Keep It Simple: Don’t over do it. Adding complexity, adding length or action doesn’t make things necessarily better. Quite the contrary. Your work should read clearly and directly to you and anyone looking at it. Why make the job harder? Besides, as you mature as an artist, you’ll begin to see and realize how beautiful (and difficult) it is to create work that is simple yet powerful.

(5) End it: At some point you have to stop. Finish the work whether you like it or not. We all need to move on. Perfection, even excellence, is a rare occurrence. Take what you’ve learned from the experience and bring that knowledge and drive to improve to the next piece of work. Life is something we build, not something we constantly fix.

“For nothing matters except life; and, of course, order.” ― Virginia Woolf, Writer