The Necessity of Art

Painting by Robert Henri.

Today, I wish to share some words from a page out of Robert Henri’s magnum opus, The Art Spirit (page 177 in case you’re curious). In this incessant age of anxiety — where time feels too fast, our activities never so empty and meaningless, and loneliness never very far away despite a plethora of distractions and constant abstract busyness — one’s spirit needs to be periodically lifted and renewed. We need inspiration. We need to be reminded that there is much more to living than this day-in and day-out nine-to-five work, running errands, and escaping periodically into rituals whether frivolous or religious. We need to be shown again why we must do art. Henri states:

Freedom can only be attained through an understanding of basic order.”

And it is clear that making art, and doing it the right way, places us in a orderly state. Not the superficial, externally imposed order that is the hallmark of exploiters and dictators but internal order. An organized mind, well-prepared and focused, is one that is demanded by our craft and by our passion to create good art. A mind needs order to feel secure in its actions else it can’t proceed either sanely or creatively.

Those who have lived and grown at least to some degree in the spirit of freedom are our creative artists. They have a wonderful time. They keep the world going.

To live freely and bravely is the most human thing to do. And to create defines the very spirit and expression of a democratic and liberal society, where we are forward thinking and actively doing what is most important. And that course of action, to create something new, will always challenge our levels of courage and our honor. Entropy and resistance will always try to defy us but if we were to think even a little more deeply about this, we’d have to ask: is there any other way of living that is as reasonable as answering one’s calling? Art isn’t the answer to all our ills, but even philosopher Søren Kierkegaard once stated that he needed “the enchantment of creative work to help him forget life’s mean pettinesses.” We can do much worse doing something else, something not in our hearts. In fact, many human activities, as Henri noted, serve no more than mere financial transactions:

The importance of what they (artists) do is greater than anyone estimates at the time. In fact, in a commercial world there are thousands of lives wasted doing things not worth doing. Human spirit is sacrificed.

He continues by reminding us that living without art and the artistic approach brings not life but death:

More and more things are produced without a will in the creation, and are consumed or “used” without a will in the consumption or the using. These things are dead. They pass, masquerading as important while they are before us, but they pass utterly.

And if we do let our conditioning — our default settings — to rule over us, then we begin to compromise not just our art but almost all things important to us.

People are so affected by outside opinion that they go to their most important work half-hearted or half-ashamed.

It’s terrible to live “half-way” — to live in fear, or constant guilt, anxiety and worry. To live imprisoned in our skulls — forgetting to look, listen, smell and touch the wonders of this world that surrounds us and is present all the time — is not living at all. Art, on the other hand, reminds us to take concrete action; it’s value going far beyond satisfying mere whims or obsessions because art isn’t just a psychological exercise, it’s a physical one and one as real as the ground we stand on. Art helps us to separate thinking from doing by driving us to create, to live anew.

There is nothing so important as art in the world, nothing so constructive, so life-sustaining… it has inestimable and lasting life value.

It can be easy to forgot our value as creatives, so easy to ignore our calling. Our society idolizes the abstract yet measurable notions of position and power, money and fame. The financialized, commoditized way of thinking, so predominant that we no longer challenge it even for a moment, is now worshipped more universally than all the religions in the world combined. Art, especially in the making of it, flies in the face of that kind of artificiality. As writer Jeanette Winterson remarked ever so clearly, art objects this kind of totalitarian onslaught of our common senses and decency. We mustn’t forget that man can not live on bread alone — he needs to feed his spirit too, else he dies a worse death, just one physically prolonged.

So it’s important to do our work. As Neil Gaiman famously said “make good art.” Or as Henri says even more boldly, make great art:

Go to your work because it is the most important living to you. Make great things — as great as you are.

And don’t worry that you’re not necessarily ready to excel. Forget for a moment about the idea of success or failure. Just respond to your passion that calls on you to animate that scene, make that painting or write that story you’ve always wanted to write. Put that vision down on paper, make the preparations, practice the skills, and then dive right in. Art is far more than idle conception, it’s action that yields a tangible expression. Look to the masters. Aim to be a master but not a finished person.

It’s a wrong idea that a master is a finished person. Master are very faulty, they haven’t finished learning and they know it. Finished persons are very common — people who are closed up, quite satisfied that there is little or nothing more to learn.

In conclusion, know that art is needed, not just for yourself individually but for all who follow. I know that I wouldn’t have been able to gather the strength or courage to do it were it not for the artists who came before me. Their art and the lives they’ve lead — like that of Robert Henri’s — inspired undeterred commitment. The trail they left behind is our beginning. Go and do likewise fellow artists.

Art is, after all, only a trace — like a footprint which shows that one has walked bravely and in great happiness.

Default Settings

Drawings of the brain and skull by Leonardo da Vinci.

Understanding defaults is important. Anyone who works with technology knows that the computer’s default setting is zero, where all things are flat and neutral. But when it comes to life and understanding ourselves, we tend to forget about our own natural default setting which is, unfortunately, not neutral. Here’s the terrible truth: the default setting of our mind is selfishness, pure and utter self-centeredness. This is not hard to test; pick anything — money, wife/husband, house, child, career and it becomes YOUR money, YOUR wife/husband, YOUR house, YOUR child, YOUR career. Since the brain’s job and nature is to think, it will always default to thinking about the “me” and the “mine.” It’s also particularly obsessed with time and the urge to satisfy emotional needs; it doesn’t like to incorporate things like deep-time thinking. Security-oriented thinking might be suitable in the biological habitat of a jungle or open ocean but when it comes to human happiness it becomes problematic.

“Occupation with one’s self brings about shrinkage in the brain.” — J. Krishnamurti, Philosopher

Anyone who has spent enough time to learn about himself knows that when he is mostly concerned about his own being it becomes near impossible to experience and understand the truly great things in life such as love, creativity and truth. We could expand the list to include the virtues of genuineness, sincerity, generosity, compassion, and humility. All these elements, which are both immeasurable and unmeasurable, fall outside of the confines of the egoic mind.

Now, thinking itself isn’t always or necessarily bad, for it is tremendously useful for the practical acquisition of knowledge and necessary skills for basic everyday living. All of science or any mechanical activity in fact depend heavily on logical observation, dissection as well as specialization. The categorization of things and theories give rise to technological innovation which lead to greater comfort and convenience. Even learning to be a good artist requires a significant amount of time devoted to deep analytical study, accumulation of technique and sustained practice. These all belong under the realm of intellectual activity. Unfortunately, while the intellectual and calculating mind succeeds in the physical world, it fails in the psychological world. As cliché as it sounds, the truth is that the mind is an excellent servant but a terrible master.

“Knowledge is useful until it gets in the way.” — David Bohm, Physicist 

I’ve always been a big fan of science, and I still spend some time reading up on the latest neuro-scientific discoveries or matters of quantum or theoretical physics. After all, I might have continued my studies in science at university had I felt more capable at math, for math is the language of science. But as great as science is, it’s limited because our ability to see and know the universe is and always will be limited. That’s because science deals only with the measurable — that is its fundamental condition and paradigm — yet there is so much more to this universe than that which can be measured. Art proves to be a good example. In fact, I would contend that science helps us to see, record and understand the truths of the world while art helps us to experience and ultimately realize it. For without realization, most understanding is merely intellectual understanding, and not true comprehension. A man can study and analyze swimming all he likes but until he actually swims in the water he really doesn’t know what swimming is like at all.

The practice of art has always served to bridge that gap between the truths that can be known and those that can only be felt. Hence, creativity is such a novel thing; the very act of creation implies dealing with the unknown and discovering the new. This is why creativity is a not an act of repetition or copying, and it’s most certainly not stealing or exploitation. The creative act, like love and all other unmeasurable experiences, is a fresh activity, one always grounded in the present, alive in the now. It cannot rely on past knowledge, memory, or formulas even if it may use them when needed as springboards for inspiration and exploration. To create implies taking a risk which can never be accurately pre-calculated.

Gertrude Stein, by Pablo Picasso is one of my favorite portraits in all of art. It’s creative adventure lay the groundwork for cubism and abstract art.

“If you knew it all it would not be creation but dictation.” — Gertrude Stein, Writer

Hence the danger of the default setting of our brains. It wants to think about the self, about its memories of the past and its need for security against the future, which is the unknown. It hates risk. The mind wants to think and to think about protecting, advancing and expanding the self. That’s its nature. To use a knives as an analogy, the nature of a knife is to cut. Knives are very useful for cutting but they’re impractical for other tasks. Furthermore, when they aren’t sharp or are handled carelessly or without skill they are dangerous and even deadly. Likewise, when thinking is used outside its parameters, it gets in the way. This is very evident with athletes, musicians or stage actors who have too much on their mind during a live performance. And since the default state of our brains is to think, it’s hard to stop it from doing so. As almost all our activities, both verbal and physical, spring from our thoughts it’s all too easy to suffer psychological conflict. Hence, when we bad thoughts, we easily behave poorly; the selfish mind almost always triggering a reactive (and often negative/violent) response.

“The soul is dyed with the colour of its thoughts.” — Marcus Aurelius, Roman Emperor

And then, there’s another dilemma: just as our brains don’t like dealing with unknowns (even when danger isn’t necessarily apparent) it also knows and feels that deep inside — deeper than what the mind can logically comprehend — is a voice that says we have to explore new truths. We want to learn, discover and experience what we’ve haven’t before. Even as a lot of new things such as new films/books/products are trite, distasteful or poor, we still hold out hope that the next one might be good. The unknown is exciting just as it is scary. Creation is fun. Unfortunately, we cannot “will” ourselves to be creative, nor can we acquire it, nor cultivate it. And to think we can do so is as futile as trying to do the same with love. It’s no wonder that we say we “discover” creative ideas and “fall” in love. These wonderments can only happen when the mind is empty, free from self-consciousness. The best we can do is set up conditions that might allow for them to happen. In art, we do this by raising our skills, while at the same time opening up our hearts and minds to the unfathomable, and to living humbly with courage and conviction.

But perhaps the real solution lies in strengthening our attention, which is not the same thing as concentration, for attentiveness is an inclusive act exercising the highest levels of sensitivity whereas concentration is an act of isolation and exclusion. In other words, concentration is a mechanical process that separates and closes off reality in order to narrow its focus while attention is aligning oneself with one’s target while being mindful of the complete reality. It’s why forcing ourselves (or others) to “concentrate” is an act of abject and inevitable failure, much akin for forcing oneself to sleep when one is not sleepy. Suppression is not focus. Externalized discipline is not order. True attention is the kind of focus that sees all while not being distracted by anything in the field of vision. In the writings of the great 17th century Samurai warrior Miyamoto Musashi, he talked of focusing on one’s opponent in the battlefield while being fully aware of the entire battleground. The artist, or any human who hopes to live with honor, clarity and purpose aims for such level of awareness in all that he does and is.

“The heart of a wise man is tranquil.” — Chuang-tse, Philosopher

In summary, all that can be said is what’s already known; life isn’t easy. Nor is finding love, creation or truth. And sometimes the worst thing — that which is in the way of us discovering love, creativity or truth — is ourselves; that busy little brain of ours that tells us that we are the center of the universe. Therefore, it would be wise to be mindful of what our minds are doing, to know its nature and our own individual nature. Self knowledge is the most important knowledge and over-thinking can deter us. We must be aware of the brain’s default condition, which is often non-stop self-consciousness and self-obsession. The moment that awareness happens, the light comes in and healing begins, and we can begin to see thru the filter which is our conditioning. We need to separate thinking from doing, so that there’s clarity in both. If there’s no clarity, there can be neither love nor creativity. These things, like all great and beautiful things exist only when the concern for the self is absent. When the default state is not.

Note: If you’ve not already heard this famous 2005 commencement address at Kenyon College by the late David Foster Wallace, a writer of immense talent, intelligence and compassion, I advise that you watch this colorful video below. It summarizes what is said here with a balance of humor and seriousness. And although Wallace may have lost his battle with the mind, it does not take away the meaning, power and truth of his words.

Video illustration by After School of David Foster Wallace’s magnanimous essay “This is Water.”